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Starvation & Humanitarian Crisis Hub

Since 2017, GRC's Starvation and Humanitarian Crisis Division (SHC) has become the leading legal organisation on prohibiting, preventing and seeking accountability for starvation as a weapon of war and associated violations. The Division possesses unrivalled expertise and granular knowledge of the crime of starvation, derived from a dedicated portfolio of analysis, accountability and investigative work. The SHC Division has conducted multiple starvation investigations with partners and pursued advocacy and accountability documentation accurately and sensitively with often unseen datasets and political nuance, with extensive experience in partnering with OSINT providers to pursue innovative investigative avenues.

The Division's principal geographic focus has been Syria, South Sudan, Yemen, Tigray, Ethiopia and Ukraine, with a more recent focus on Palestine.

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Our Vision

To advance holistic justice and accountability, the Division partners with and advises survivor-led organisations and networks, civil society organisations, national criminal justice and law enforcement actors, and international justice mechanisms.

Our Objectives

Working with government ministries, multilateral organisations, civil society organisations (CSOs) and academic partners, the Starvation and Humanitarian Crisis Division aims to further its objective by

  • strengthening states’ use of measures to prevent conflict-induced starvation;

  • increasing domestic capacities to document and investigate starvation-related crimes through training and mentoring;

  • outlining a roadmap for future prosecutions.

Our Activities

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The Starvation Mobile Justice Team (SMJT)

SMJT operates within the Starvation and Humanitarian Crisis Division, started in January 2023, as part of the EU, UK and US-funded Atrocity Crimes Advisory (ACA) group, and continued its activities during 2024 with notable achievements. The team includes senior international and Ukrainian prosecutors and investigators with expertise in starvation-related crimes, collaborating with OSINT experts to leverage cutting-edge innovation in the investigation of these crimes.

During 2024, the SMJT expanded its work under the three thematic pillars:

  • the siege of Mariupol (assessing this primarily through the lens of humanitarian access violations);

  • grain theft and a naval blockade of the Black Sea Ports in the context of starvation as a war crime;

  • broader pattern of attacks against critical infrastructure and objects indispensable to civilian survival, in particular focussing on attacks on grain and port-related infrastructure utilised for export within Odesa Oblast.

  • This methodology was developed to ensure OSINT investigations are conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures and international and Ukrainian domestic best practices and in order to ensure that the collection, consolidation, analysis, and preservation, of information occurs in line with evidentiary standards, ensuring their future use in the prosecution of core international crimes.

  • Which provide the most up-to-date guidance on the international law of starvation as well as the specialised guidance on the investigation of man-made starvation through use of OSINT and other traditional investigative techniques.

    • “The Hope Left Us”: Russia`s Siege, Starvation, and Capture of Mariupol City – Ukraine (SMJT) 2024

    • Agriculture Weaponised – the Illegal Seizure and Extraction of Ukrainian Grain by Russia (SMJT) 2023

  • (available in Arabic and Ukrainian) and Mobile App, the first of its kind on the market, which secured GRC’s prominence amongst those seeking to identify, monitor and seek accountability for the deliberate use of starvation and the interplay between conflict and hunger.

  • Hosted on the starvationaacountability.org website designed which contains useful resources concerning the amendment to the ICC Rome Statute on the war crime of starvation in non-international armed conflicts.
  • For CSOs and humanitarian actors, specifically tailored to advocate for the domestication of the Rome Statute amendment on starvation, and raising awareness around the starvation amendment. The CSO Toolkit was launched at the annual Assembly of State Parties to the ICC in December 2022. The Toolkit uses accessible language and offers a range of options for action.

  • Outlining international and unilateral sanctions imposed in relation to starvation in conflicts and summarising the jurisprudence relating to the investigation and prosecution of starvation as a crime; and the second an Sanctions Digest outlining all related sanctions and restrictive measures connected to humanitarian access violations and starvation associated crimes.
  • On mass starvation containing a detailed analysis of real-life (conflict) case studies, designed to provide an authoritative assessment of the prospects for accountability for mass starvation based on a review of the most relevant and probative documentation/information.

  • Focusing on the rise of conflict and hunger and how this intersects with Germany’s pledges to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 – Zero Hunger, and their work at the UN Security Council on strengthening IHL.

  • To produce investigative and legal analytical reports and submissions.

    • No Choice but to Flee – South Sudan (GRC, CIR) 2022

    • OSINT Investigation of Starvation Crimes in Tigray (GRC, Bellingcat) 2022

    • Digital Feast and Famine: Digital technologies and humanitarian law in food security, starvation and famine risk –(FCDO) 2022

    • Accountability for Mass Starvation, Edited collection, Oxford University Press, 2022

    • Starvation Makers – Yemen (Mwatana, GRC, Bellingcat) 2020

Our projects

An Accountability Pathway for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Abuses in Yemen

Yemen

Yemen

An Accountability Pathway for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Abuses in Yemen project image An Accountability Pathway for Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights Abuses in Yemen

Starvation Mobile Justice Team

SMJT

Ukraine

Starvation Mobile Justice Team project image Starvation Mobile Justice Team

Mobile Justice Teams (MJT). Ukraine

MJT

Ukraine

Mobile Justice Teams (MJT). Ukraine project image Mobile Justice Teams (MJT). Ukraine

Strengthening Legal Capacity to Pursue Accountability for North Korean Human Rights Violations

DPRK

DPRK

Strengthening Legal Capacity to Pursue Accountability for North Korean Human Rights Violations project image Strengthening Legal Capacity to Pursue Accountability for North Korean Human Rights Violations

Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the Limits of the Law

Accountability and Rule of Law

Starvation

Global

Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the Limits of the Law project image Accountability for Mass Starvation: Testing the Limits of the Law

Mobilising Ratification of the Rome Statute Starvation Amendment

Global

Mobilising Ratification of the Rome Statute Starvation Amendment project image Mobilising Ratification of the Rome Statute Starvation Amendment

Mobilising Ratification of the Rome Statute Starvation Amendment

Rome Statute

Starvation

Global

Mobilising Ratification of the Rome Statute Starvation Amendment project image Mobilising Ratification of the Rome Statute Starvation Amendment
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